Today,
a large percentage of scientific research is conducted in large, collaborative
teams. But according to a paper
published in Nature yesterday
(February 13), “researchers may be better off working in small teams.” The Nature
study, led by James Evans of the University of Chicago, was reviewed by Ruth
Williams’ article in today’s online edition of The Scientist.
Evans et al. studied the citations of
tens of millions of research papers and patents. Papers were evaluated for degree of
innovativeness or “disruptiveness” based on the degree to which subsequent
research articles cited the papers alone without including citations used in
the paper itself. Highly disruptive
papers, those cited alone by subsequent authors, were found to contain research
that was more transformative. Such
innovative papers provide a ‘jumping-off point’ for a new field of research,” says
sociologist Jason Owen-Smith of the University of Michigan.
A closer look at the disruptive papers revealed that “big teams tend to work on
existing theories rather than instigating new ones.” The analysis showed that “the most disruptive
papers, patents, and software products tend to be produced by small groups, and
that, as team size grows, disruptiveness declines.” Interestingly, even an individual scientist’s
disruptiveness tended to drop as the number of co-authors increased.
At a time when big government funding has contributed toward major inflation in
cost of health care, housing, and college tuition, the Nature report affords the scientific community a timely opportunity
to consider how research funding approaches affect research progress. According to Anita Woolley, who studies
organizational behavior and teamwork at Carnegie Mellon University, funding
agencies often “push us in the direction of having bigger and bigger teams. This [research] is really calling that into
question.”
I thank my friends Roger and Margaret Riffle who have long ties to West
Virginia for sharing an article by Connor Griffith, business editor of WVNews.
The article, entitled “Touchstone
Labs: Growing Business and Sending WV Coal into Space,” features the innovative
research by a small R & D firm, named Touchstone Research Laboratories. Touchstone was launched in the basement of a
monastery, in 1980, by president and CEO, Brian Joseph.
Since its founding, Touchstone Research Laboratories has become a “three-time
Tibbetts Award recipient for its broad-based product development research
philosophy, which focuses on the development of next-generation, over the
horizon materials and products.”* Since
its founding, Touchstone has formed a research park and has spawned three other
companies. Other spin-off companies are in the works. According to Joseph, “This is not that far off
from Thomas Edison’s whole approach. He
called his place the Invention Factory and what we basically have is an
invention factory. Everything we’ve been
spinning out, we invented this stuff.”
One of the companies spawned by Touchstone is CFOAM, named after its principal
product, CFOAM®, short for “carbon foam.”
CFOAM is produced by pulverizing coal (something West Virginia has
plenty of), foaming it under pressure, then heat-treating and cutting it into desired
shapes. This structural foam is
light-weight and can withstand temperatures above 6,000 degrees! CFOAM is now used in place of ceramic tiles
on space shuttles, and its future is promising for applications not yet
discovered.
Touchstone Research Labs also developed Metpreg, the world’s strongest aluminum. Metpreg is now used in bicycle frames where it
provides as much strength as current commercial frames at one-third of the weight.
I’m sure that Touchstone is but one example of the many “invention factories”
that have arisen from the innovative ideas of small groups of researchers. Such stories make it tempting to conclude
that the future of science and technology rests in the philosophy that “small
is better.” However, Ruth Williams
concludes her article in The Scientist
with a reasonable assessment by Jason Owen-Smith who believes “we need a
combination of big teams developing and strengthening existing ideas and small
teams performing high-risk, high-reward, innovative projects.
The fact that there seems to be no end to the creativity of humankind is a
testimony to our Creator God in whose image we were created. The Genesis account in Scripture records that, In the beginning God created the heaven and
the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was
upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the
waters (Genesis 1: 1-2). Into this formless void, God began to
create order and diversity of mineral, microbe, plant, and animal. God created these things with the capacity for
further development and diversification through science and technology. And then, He created Adam and gave him and his
descendants dominion over creation with a mandate to exercise servant stewardship
as His representatives on the Earth. The current article seems to have featured
some of the more positive examples of God-given creativity in science at work.
-----------------------
* https://www.sbir.gov/sites/default/files/SBAsuccess_TRL_FINAL.pdf
οἰκονομία, (oy-kon-om-ee'-ah), Greek for STEWARDSHIP, a fundamental concept through which Christians can integrate issues of SCIENCE, FAITH, and CULTURE.
Showing posts with label creativity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label creativity. Show all posts
Thursday, February 14, 2019
Tuesday, July 22, 2014
Human Creativity As a Reflection of the Creator
Many of us remember occasions when we’ve been enthralled by
the beauty of forest, meadow, seaside, or desert. For me, it’s the more “natural” or “wild
places” of God’s creation that thrill the most; and generally not the urban
environment. However, this past weekend,
I was enveloped in a literal sea of human creativity in downtown Ann Arbor,
Michigan.
The 2014 Ann Arbor Street Art Fair occupied numerous
streets in downtown Ann Arbor and extended
onto the beautiful campus of the University of
Michigan. What a feast for the eyes as my wife Abby and
I, and our son Brad and his wife Raquel walked the tree-shaded streets, each lined
on both sides with the booths for artists from all around the country to
display their creativity. Paintings and
photographs framed in all sizes and shapes; and in all manner of style and coloration. Wood, delicate plant stems, and metal of all
kinds were carved, shaved, pressed, twisted or imprinted into lifelike forms or
intriguing abstractions. Clay pottery was
displayed in a rich variety of shapes and sizes, frequently glazed to produce inviting
colors and patterns. A memorable booth looked
like a garden of colorful flowers and foliage fashioned in the finest detail--
out of clay!
Leather products and different fabrics were fashioned into garments, shoes, and
hats. I was intrigued by what appeared
to be oil paintings on canvas that were actually collages of carefully chosen, dyed
fabrics pieced together to represent portraits and beautiful landscapes. Dean Myton’s booth from his Ironwood & Vine Studio in Akron,
OH displayed lamps and other “functional art from found objects, unique
recycled materials, and fabricated steel.”
Dean’s aim is to apply his creativity to give new beauty and
functionality to materials otherwise destined to the scrap heap. His slogan:
“Recycle, Rethink, Reuse, Rejoice.”
Many booths featured fine jewelry fashioned from metal and/or mineral
components. Abby and I were particularly
drawn to a booth provided by Laurel and Michael Davern, owners of L & M
Arts, in Lancaster, NY. Abby
chose a landscape necklace of Argentium sterling silver, hand-pierced to form
wind-swept trees with a bird in flight, accented with copper and brass plating.
Of course, with such subject matter, friendly
artisans, and the sweet smile of my lovely wife, how could I resist buying the
necklace for her?
Larry Schneider from Pittsburgh, and his wife Elaine, greeted us with warm
enthusiasm as we admired their Naturewood Art
featuring “paintings of nature on nature’s canvases.” Larry paints birds and other wildlife on tree
trunk cross sections. Then, he produces
a 3-D effect by adding appropriate objects from the landscape—driftwood, barbed
wire, dried bones, etc. My favorite was his Meadowlark painted as if
singing while perched on a weathered fence post.
As we walked from booth to booth along the shady streets filled with art admirers, three things stirred my heart in praise to God, the Eternal Artist. First, I began to realize that the amazing creativity on display here was an expression of the image of God Who created and endowed humankind with many of His personal traits. These God-given traits include our creativity—and to our ability to admire the creativity of others. Our admiration of the creative arts reaches deep within us. Much deeper than the cognitive level, artistic expression can reach into our wellspring of joy and satisfaction, or it may stir up sadness or compassion. I wonder if any other creatures can “enjoy” the wonders of creation like we can; I doubt it.
Second, I was reminded of the lavishness God has displayed in His creation. In the
beginning, God created the heavens and the earth (Genesis 1:1). Both God and humankind in His image are “creators”
but only God created matter ex nihilo,
“out of nothing.” And, from that original formless and void state of creation
(Genesis 1: 2), the Master Artisan and Engineer shaped the landscape of Earth
and populated it biologically. Every
element of creation is designed like a deep treasure chest from which humans as
stewards can draw out a seemingly endless variety of forms. Among animals, God created basic kinds
(canine, feline, bovine, etc.), each
rich in genetic potential from which both natural selection and human artificial
selection have produced widely divergent forms. Likewise, humans have developed plant
varieties through horticultural and genetic procedures. The rich variety of biological, mineral, and
metallic resources of God’s creation provides a marvelous “palette” to supply
both the substance and the inspiration for the artisan.
Finally, I was most inspired by a sort of “one-act drama” performed at each booth we visited along the streets of Ann Arbor. Each artisan that participates at the Ann Arbor Street Art Fair first displays his or her creative work within their booth—work that represents tireless hours of creative effort. Then, the artisan sits and waits for people to come by the booth, admire their work, and perhaps purchase a piece or two as we did.
As visitors to many booths at the fair, we were participants in the “drama” with the artisans, and we observed how they responded to our appreciation of their work. They know that most visitors will stop to admire but few will buy. Yet beyond the monetary gain, they surely must enjoy the satisfaction of seeing many admiring faces and hearing words of praise for work well done. I realized two things: that, the artisans are creative and industrious like their Creator God Whose image they bear; and, like their Creator God, artisans gain a sense of joy when they receive praise for the work of their hands.
And so, our visit to the art fair with our son and daughter-in-law was both very enjoyable and inspiring to me. I left with great respect for the creative ability and skills of the artisans, and also a great appreciation of God our Creator for providing the richness of the material world as a “palette” for His creative image-bearers.
The psalmist in Psalm 104 recognizes the awesomeness of God and the grandeur of His creation. Then, he marvels that his God Who lacks nothing should find joy and gladness when He looks upon His creation—just as an artisan finds joy in looking over his own finished work:
O LORD, how many are Thy works!
In wisdom Thou hast made them all;
The earth is full of Thy possessions.
![]() |
| Ann Arbor Street Art Fair, Ann Arbor, MI |
![]() |
| Landscape necklace pendant, L & M Arts |
![]() |
| Larry and Elaine Schneider, Naturewood Art |
As we walked from booth to booth along the shady streets filled with art admirers, three things stirred my heart in praise to God, the Eternal Artist. First, I began to realize that the amazing creativity on display here was an expression of the image of God Who created and endowed humankind with many of His personal traits. These God-given traits include our creativity—and to our ability to admire the creativity of others. Our admiration of the creative arts reaches deep within us. Much deeper than the cognitive level, artistic expression can reach into our wellspring of joy and satisfaction, or it may stir up sadness or compassion. I wonder if any other creatures can “enjoy” the wonders of creation like we can; I doubt it.
![]() |
| Meadowlark, by Naturewood Art |
Finally, I was most inspired by a sort of “one-act drama” performed at each booth we visited along the streets of Ann Arbor. Each artisan that participates at the Ann Arbor Street Art Fair first displays his or her creative work within their booth—work that represents tireless hours of creative effort. Then, the artisan sits and waits for people to come by the booth, admire their work, and perhaps purchase a piece or two as we did.
As visitors to many booths at the fair, we were participants in the “drama” with the artisans, and we observed how they responded to our appreciation of their work. They know that most visitors will stop to admire but few will buy. Yet beyond the monetary gain, they surely must enjoy the satisfaction of seeing many admiring faces and hearing words of praise for work well done. I realized two things: that, the artisans are creative and industrious like their Creator God Whose image they bear; and, like their Creator God, artisans gain a sense of joy when they receive praise for the work of their hands.
And so, our visit to the art fair with our son and daughter-in-law was both very enjoyable and inspiring to me. I left with great respect for the creative ability and skills of the artisans, and also a great appreciation of God our Creator for providing the richness of the material world as a “palette” for His creative image-bearers.
The psalmist in Psalm 104 recognizes the awesomeness of God and the grandeur of His creation. Then, he marvels that his God Who lacks nothing should find joy and gladness when He looks upon His creation—just as an artisan finds joy in looking over his own finished work:
O LORD, how many are Thy works!
In wisdom Thou hast made them all;
The earth is full of Thy possessions.
Let the glory of the LORD
endure forever;
Let the LORD be glad in His works;
Let the LORD be glad in His works;
He looks at the earth, and
it trembles;
He touches the mountains, and they smoke.
He touches the mountains, and they smoke.
- Psalm
104: 24, 31-32
A few verses later in Psalm 104, the psalmist displays the kind
of awe and praise that comes spontaneously from one who bears God’s image and
can appreciate the beauty and wonder of creation in some imperfect way like our
Creator. But, the psalmist also
understands that his heart of praise is both a fitting response to God’s
greatness and a “pleasing gift” to his Creator and the Redeemer of his soul as
compared to the response of those who deny God and abuse His creation for
selfish gain.
I will sing to the LORD as
long as I live;
I will sing praise to my God while I have my being.
I will sing praise to my God while I have my being.
Let my meditation be pleasing to Him;
As for me, I shall be glad in the LORD.
As for me, I shall be glad in the LORD.
Let sinners be consumed from
the earth,
And let the wicked be no more.
Bless the LORD, O my soul. Praise the LORD!
And let the wicked be no more.
Bless the LORD, O my soul. Praise the LORD!
- Psalm
104: 33-35
Labels:
art,
artisan,
creation,
creativity,
inspiration,
palette,
praise,
rest,
work
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